作為金屬化薄膜電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器廠家，生產(chan)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器是(shi)門學問，而作為消費者(zhe)，選擇(ze)和購買電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器也是(shi)門學問，以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)知識是(shi)經(jing)過嚴格的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)察后得出的(de)(de)(de)結論，相信一定可以(yi)讓(rang)選擇(ze)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器變的(de)(de)(de)更藝術化。

1）選擇合適的型號不(bu)同介質(zhi)的電(dian)容器的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)各不(bu)相同，容量(liang)范圍、耐壓值、溫度及(ji)頻率穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)、損耗等(deng)各方面的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)有很(hen)大差異(yi)；同一(yi)種介質(zhi)的電(dian)容器又有很(hen)多不(bu)同的型號，所以要根據(ju)自己電(dian)路的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)要求(qiu)，在滿足基(ji)本容量(liang)、耐壓要求(qiu)的情況下根據(ju)電(dian)路敏感的參數選擇最合適的電(dian)容器類型。

2）合(he)理確定(ding)(ding)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)在旁路(lu)(lu)(lu)、退耦(ou)、低(di)頻(pin)耦(ou)合(he)等(deng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，一般對電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)沒(mei)有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)時可(ke)(ke)根據設計(ji)值，選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)相(xiang)近容(rong)(rong)(rong)量或容(rong)(rong)(rong)量略大些(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)；但在振蕩(dang)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)、延時回路(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)對電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量要(yao)求(qiu)就高(gao)些(xie)，應盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)和計(ji)算值一致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量值；在各種(zhong)濾波器(qi)(qi)和網絡中(zhong)，對電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)有更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)，應該選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)以滿足電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。有時候也要(yao)綜合(he)考慮電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)其他元器(qi)(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)，比如LC 組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振蕩(dang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，由于電(dian)感本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)誤差比較(jiao)大，即使電(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)及穩定(ding)(ding)性都很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)型號，振蕩(dang)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)及性能(neng)也不會(hui)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改善，而價格(ge)成(cheng)本則可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會(hui)抬(tai)高(gao)很(hen)多(duo)(duo)倍，這就顯得沒(mei)有太(tai)大必(bi)要(yao)了。而RC 組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振蕩(dang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)穩定(ding)(ding)性要(yao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)，很(hen)多(duo)(duo)時候精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)是由總體(ti)決定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而不是由個(ge)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元件，不過個(ge)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)都提高(gao)了，一般總體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)也就上去了。

3）確(que)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，不但會使(shi)(shi)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)急劇(ju)增加，還會因為發熱而損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。選用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)使(shi)(shi)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于實際工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，并(bing)留有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)(de)余(yu)量，以(yi)防止(zhi)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)波動而損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。對一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，應(ying)(ying)使(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)額定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)10%—20% 。在(zai)某些特殊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)波動幅度(du)(du)較大，可留更大的(de)(de)余(yu)量。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)通常是指(zhi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)值(zhi)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)中含有(you)脈動成分，該(gai)脈動直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)最大值(zhi)應(ying)(ying)不超(chao)過額定(ding)值(zhi)；如(ru)果(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)于交流(liu)(liu)，此交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)最大值(zhi)應(ying)(ying)不超(chao)過額定(ding)值(zhi)。并(bing)且隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)頻率(lv)的(de)(de)升高(gao)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)降(jiang)低(di)。有(you)極性的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)不能用(yong)于交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)耐(nai)溫度(du)(du)性能很(hen)差，如(ru)果(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)超(chao)過允許(xu)值(zhi)，介(jie)質(zhi)損耗將增大，很(hen)容(rong)(rong)易造(zao)成溫升過高(gao)，導致損壞(huai)。在(zai)PCB 設計(ji)和設備安裝時(shi)要注意，應(ying)(ying)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)盡量遠離發熱元件（如(ru)大功(gong)率(lv)管、變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、散熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)等），如(ru)果(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)環境溫度(du)(du)較高(gao)，應(ying)(ying)降(jiang)低(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。

4）盡(jin)量選(xuan)(xuan)擇絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻越小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)就越大(da)(da)，漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功率損耗，會使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發熱(re)，而(er)其溫度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，又會產生更(geng)(geng)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，如(ru)此(ci)循環，極易損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)工(gong)作失(shi)常或降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能。因(yin)此(ci)在選(xuan)(xuan)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)，應盡(jin)可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，特(te)別是(shi)在高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫和高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)條(tiao)件下，更(geng)(geng)應如(ru)此(ci)。一般作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)橋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橋臂、運算元件等場合，絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低將影響測量、運算等精度，必(bi)須采用高(gao)(gao)(gao)絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。在要(yao)求損耗盡(jin)可能小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)如(ru)濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、振蕩回(hui)路(lu)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，選(xuan)(xuan)用絕(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)盡(jin)可能高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可以提高(gao)(gao)(gao)回(hui)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質因(yin)數，改(gai)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能。

5）考慮溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)特(te)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)越大，其容量隨溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化就越大。在有(you)些電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中，如(ru)振蕩(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)振蕩(dang)回路(lu)(lu)元件、移(yi)相網絡元件、濾(lv)波器(qi)等，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)大會(hui)(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)產生(sheng)漂(piao)移(yi)，造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)工(gong)(gong)作不(bu)穩(wen)定，這時(shi)就要注意(yi)選用(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)系(xi)數(shu)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)，以確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定工(gong)(gong)作。在高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)應用(yong)時(shi)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)自身電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)、引(yin)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)和高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)損耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能會(hui)(hui)變差，頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)特(te)性差的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)起不(bu)僅不(bu)能發揮其應有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，而且還會(hui)(hui)帶(dai)來許(xu)多麻煩。所以選用(yong)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)時(shi)，一要注意(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)參(can)數(shu)，而且在使(shi)用(yong)中注意(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)線(xian)不(bu)能留得過長，以減小引(yin)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)良影響。

6）注意使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)好(hao)壞直接影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)性能和壽命，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)影響最大的(de)(de)是(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，在工作溫(wen)(wen)度(du)較高(gao)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)易產生漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并加速老化(hua)，在設計(ji)、安裝時，應盡量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)系數小(xiao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)，并遠離熱(re)(re)源，或者改(gai)善(shan)周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)通風散熱(re)(re)；在寒冷的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)，由(you)(you)于氣溫(wen)(wen)低，普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)會因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液結(jie)冰而失效(xiao)，應選擇(ze)耐寒的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)；在多風沙灰(hui)塵條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)或濕(shi)度(du)較大環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)下(xia)(xia)工作時，應選用(yong)(yong)密封(feng)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)；在周(zhou)邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)惡劣的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下(xia)(xia)，選擇(ze)抗輻(fu)射的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)等。這對于安裝在戶外(wai)的(de)(de)設備來說工作環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)問題就特(te)別需要考(kao)慮了，總(zong)之是(shi)要根據實際應用(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)不同選擇(ze)合適(shi)類型的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。薄(bo)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)（特(te)別是(shi)聚丙烯薄(bo)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)）在高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時，由(you)(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)介質耐熱(re)(re)性不高(gao)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)太(tai)高(gao)會造成老化(hua)

7）其他

用(yong)(yong)于(yu)脈(mo)沖電(dian)路中的電(dian)容器，應(ying)選用(yong)(yong)頻率特性和(he)耐溫性能較好的電(dian)容器，一(yi)般(ban)為滌綸、云母、聚苯乙烯等(deng)電(dian)容器。超大容量電(dian)容器在(zai)CMOS 電(dian)路中取(qu)代電(dian)池作備用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)，其維持(chi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)與放電(dian)電(dian)流有直接關系：放電(dian)電(dian)流越小，維持(chi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)越長。在(zai)計算后備時(shi)(shi)間(jian)時(shi)(shi)，應(ying)留有一(yi)定(ding)的余(yu)量。