前面講述了很多電容器的類別等基礎知識，今天就帶著大家深入的了解電容器,今天講的就是電容器的主要參數特性。廢話不多說，直接開始！
標稱容量：標稱電容量是標志在電容器上的電容量。
允許(xu)偏差：實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量和(he)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)量允許(xu)的(de)最大(da)偏差范圍。一般分為3 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：I 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)±5%，II 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)±10%，III級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)±20%。在有些情況(kuang)下，還有0 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，誤差為±20%。精密(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)允許(xu)誤差較小(xiao)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)誤差較大(da)，它們(men)采用不同的(de)誤差等(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。常用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器其精度等(deng)級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器的(de)表(biao)示方法相同。用字母表(biao)示：D——005 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——±0.5%；F——01 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——±1%；G——02 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——±2%；J——I 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——±5%；K——II 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——±10%；M——III 級(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——±20%。

額定工作電壓：額定工作電壓是指在規定溫度范圍內，可以持續加在電容器上而不損壞電容器的最大直流電壓或交流電壓。也可以認為是電容器在電路中能夠長期穩定、可靠工作，所承受的最大直流電壓，又稱耐壓。對于結構、介質、容量相同的器件，耐壓越高，體積越大。
（4）沖(chong)擊(ji)電壓(ya)Surge Voltage:

一般以電(dian)容器本身(shen)額定(ding)電(dian)壓之1.3 倍電(dian)壓加壓, 需(xu)工(gong)作正常無異狀.

（5）漏電流量Leakage current:

此(ci)為電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器之特(te)(te)定規格, 一般以電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器本身額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加壓(ya)3 Min 后(hou), 串接電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)表測試, 其(qi)漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)需(xu)在0.01CV ( uF 電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)值(zhi)與(yu)額(e)(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相乘積) 或(huo)3uA 以下 (取(qu)其(qi)較大(da)數值(zhi)).特(te)(te)定低漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)使(shi)用 (Low leakage type) 則其(qi)漏電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)需(xu)在0.002CV 或(huo)0.4uA 以下.

（6）溫度系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數：在(zai)一定溫度范圍內，溫度每變化1℃，電(dian)容(rong)量的相對變化值。溫度系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數越(yue)小越(yue)好。溫度系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數有(you)正(zheng)負之分，正(zheng)溫度系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數電(dian)容(rong)器表明電(dian)容(rong)器隨溫度升高而(er)增大，負的溫度系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)數則(ze)反之。

（7）使用(yong)溫度(du)范圍:一(yi)般電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)的使用(yong)溫度(du)范圍為(wei) -25℃至(zhi)+85℃, 特定高溫用(yong)或(huo)低漏電(dian)流量用(yong)者(zhe)為(wei) -40℃至(zhi)+105℃.塑料(liao)薄膜電(dian)容器(qi)為(wei) -40℃至(zhi)+85℃.陶瓷(ci)電(dian)容器(qi)T/C type 為(wei)-40℃至(zhi)+85℃, Hi-K type 及S/C type 為(wei) -25℃至(zhi)+85℃

（8）絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)：又稱(cheng)為(wei)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)，由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)兩極之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)介質不是絕(jue)(jue)(jue)對的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)體，所(suo)以他的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)不是無限大(da)，直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓加在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)上，并產生漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，兩者之比稱(cheng)為(wei)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu). 當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)較小(xiao)時，主(zhu)(zhu)要取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面狀態(tai)，容(rong)(rong)量〉0.1uf時，主(zhu)(zhu)要取決于介質的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)越小(xiao)越好(hao)。用(yong)來表明漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。一般(ban)小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)很大(da)，在幾百兆歐姆或(huo)幾千兆歐姆。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)一般(ban)較小(xiao)。相對而言，絕(jue)(jue)(jue)緣(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)越大(da)越好(hao)，漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)小(xiao)。

（9）介質(zhi)損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)：在(zai)電場的作用(yong)下(xia)，電容器在(zai)單位(wei)時間內發熱(re)而消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)的能量(liang)。這些損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)主(zhu)要來(lai)自(zi)介質(zhi)損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)和金(jin)屬損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)。通常用(yong)損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)角(jiao)正切值來(lai)表示。相當于串(chuan)聯等效電阻同(tong)容抗1/wC之(zhi)比(bi)。損(sun)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)tgδ

（10）頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)特性(xing)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)參(can)數隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)場頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)而變化的(de)性(xing)質。在(zai)高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)條件(jian)下工(gong)作的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)，由于介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)常(chang)數在(zai)高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)時(shi)比低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)時(shi)小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量也相(xiang)應減(jian)小。損耗也隨頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)升高而增(zeng)加(jia)。另(ling)外，在(zai)高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)工(gong)作時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)分布參(can)數，如極片(pian)(pian)(pian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、引(yin)線和極片(pian)(pian)(pian)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)、極片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)感、引(yin)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)感等，都會影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)。所有這些，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)使用頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)受到限制。不(bu)同品種的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)，最高使用頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)不(bu)同。小型云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)在(zai)250MHZ 以(yi)內；圓(yuan)片(pian)(pian)(pian)型瓷(ci)介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)為300MHZ；圓(yuan)管(guan)型瓷(ci)介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)為200MHZ；圓(yuan)盤型瓷(ci)介(jie)(jie)可(ke)達3000MHZ；小型紙(zhi)介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)為80MHZ；中型紙(zhi)介(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)只(zhi)有8MHZ。

（11）電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)常(chang)數：為恰當的(de)評價大容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)絕(jue)緣情況而引入(ru)了時(shi)間(jian)常(chang)數，他等(deng)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻與(yu)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)乘積(ji)。